Retama raetam pdf

Cellulose , 16 5 , The main goal of this work was to investigate the viability of Retama Raetam as a novel, renewable and low-cost source of cellulose microfibers. The successful isolation of cellulose microfibers was achieved with a yield of The FTIR results revealed that the chemical treatments removed most of lignin and hemicellulose from the sample.

The extracted cellulose microfibers were highly crystalline native cellulose I, with a crystallinity of These findings proved that R. Raetam is a candidate renewable source for the production of cellulose microfibers and should stimulate further research on the use of these fibers for various applications such as cellulose nanocrystals preparation, reinforcement agent in green biocomposites and bio-fillers for polymer matrices.

Abrir menu Brasil. Abrir menu. Abstract Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource in nature, it has various industrial applications due to its promising properties. Introduction Over the last few decades, The use of natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers as reinforcement materials for polymer composites has gained considerable attention because of their unique characteristics, such as renewability, biodegradability, processing flexibility, low density, high specific strength and low-cost [ 1 1 Baskaran, P.

Materials and Methods 2. The totally chlorine-free extraction procedure can be described as follows: 2. Table 1 Comparison of the crystallinity index of cellulose microfibers from various sources. Figure 1 FT-IR spectra of a untreated sample, b alkali treated sample and c bleached cellulose microfibers. Table 2 The main observed IR bands and their assignments. Figure 2 XRD diffractogram of the extracted R. Raetam cellulose microfibers. Figure 3 SEM images of the extracted R.

Table 3 Comparison of the diameters of cellulose microfibers extracted from various sources by different extraction methods. Table 4 DTG max and char yields of cellulose microfibers from different sources. How to cite: Khenblouche, A. Extraction and characterization of cellulose microfibers from Retama raetam stems. References 1 Baskaran, P. Journal of Natural Fibers , 15 1 , Mohammed, L.

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Cellulose , 21 2 , Park, S. Biotechnology for Biofuels , 3 1 , Wang, Y. Carbohydrate Polymers , 72 1 , Rhim, J. Cellulose , 22 1 , Abe, K. Cellulose , 16 6 , Chatterjee, A. Materials Research Express , 5 10 , Puttaswamy, M. Kasiri, N. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , , Nabili, A. Synthesis of cellulose triacetate-I from microfibrillated date seeds cellulose Phoenix dactylifera L.

Iranian Polymer Journal , 26 2 , The extract neither altered glucose uptake by rat isolated psoas muscle nor the activity of hepatic microsomal glucosephosphatase. This can be attributed, at least partly, to stimulating pancreatic insulin release and reduc- ing intestinal glucose absorption. All rights reserved.

Introduction ers for the management of diabetes Maghrani et al. In Sau- di folk medicine, fruits are particularly used in remedies of Diabetes mellitus DM is a major public health problem diabetes Gushash, Experimental studies indicated that RR worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia is one of possesses, lipid and body weight-lowering Maghrani et al. Natural products have long antibacterial Hayet et al. However, there is a paucity of infor- nity because of their effectiveness, fewer side effects and rela- mation regarding the mechanisms underlying the biological activ- tively low cost.

Wide array of plant-derived active principles ity of RR. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential were shown to have antidiabetic activity Prabhakar and Doble, and mechanisms of the antidiabetic activity of the RR methanolic Despite the numerous preventive strategies and medica- extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Thus, the search for new modalities is becoming of paramount 2. Materials and methods importance. Retama raetam RR is an indigenous plant belonging to the fam- 2. Chemicals ily Fabaceae. E-mail address: ashour yahoo.

All other chemicals were of the highest grade commercially available. Mechanisms of the antihyperglycemic activity of Retama raetam in streptozotocin-induced dia- betic rats. Food Chem. Algandaby et al. Group 1 served as diabetic-untreated control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated orally 2. Group 5 was treated The fruits of Retama raetam Forssk. Animals were given the assigned treat- study were collected in April from Al-Hoferah, Saudi Arabia.

Animals in group 1 were administered the vehicle CMC. At the end of the 4-week treatment period, animals 2. RR fruits were dried at room temperature and the powdered plant material was In experiment III, three sets of in vitro mechanistic studies were carried out.

Each experiment was done in six replicates. Assessment of blood glucose level 2. Standardization of RR extract RR methanolic extract was standardized in reference to its alkaloidal content Blood samples were collected from the tail vein of the overnight 12—15 h fast- exploiting GC-MS analysis.

The oven temperature was 2. STZ-induced diabetic rats were overnight fasted be- the literature El-Shazly et al. After 2 h, all animals were given a glucose ognition of 15 alkaloids. Animals min observation period Matthews et al.

Male Sprague Dawley rats — g were obtained from the animal facility 2. The animals were provided with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. Glucose absorption by rat gut preparation 2. Determination of LD50 The effect of the methanolic extract of RR on glucose absorption by rat isolated Oral LD50 in rats was determined according to the method of Spearman-Karber intestine was determined by assessing the fall in glucose concentration in incuba- as described by Finney Induction of diabetes idly opened.

Carretera Santa Coloma, Spain. Experimental protocol Initially, a toxicity study was conducted in an attempt to determine oral LD50 of 2. Glucose uptake by rat isolated psoas muscle the methanolic extract of RR in rats.

Muscle tis- in vitro activity of the methanolic extract on glucose absorption, glucose uptake sue was cut into pieces of equal weight mg and incubated in a 7-ml and hepatic microsomal activity of glucosephosphatase GPase. Aliquots 10 ll were control. Animals were given the assigned treatments for 4 weeks. RR ex- react S. Control groups 1 and 2 were administered the vehicle CMC. Activity of GPase in rat isolated hepatic microsomes kg. FBG levels were determined weekly during the 4-week treatment period.

Mean- while, blood samples were withdrawn from the orbital sinus of each animal imme- The effect of the methanolic extract of RR on GPase activity in rat hepatic diately before starting treatment and 24 h after the last treatment day Blood microsomes was determined according to the method described in Baginsky et al.

The homogenate was centrifuged at 12,g for 10 min, and the 3. Microsomes equivalent to 0. Rats were treated with the extract and changes ml malachite green.

After 15 min incubation at room temperature, the absorbance was measured at nm Parker et al. The total AUC of diabetic-un- amount of buffer was used as control. The inter- mediate and highest doses of the methanolic extract, and 2.

Statistical analysis on the AUC as compared to that of the untreated diabetic group. The 0. LD50 was calculated according 3. Effect of the methanolic extract of RR on serum insulin level to the method of Finney Life form:. To about 3 m tall and may reach 6 m across; short trunk branching from the base; stems of young plants are covered with long soft hairs but become hairless with age; drooping branches. Alternate, entire, very small about 5 mm long and narrow only 1 mm wide , are quickly dropped and the plant remains leafless for most of the year.

White, pea-like, appearing close to the stems in clusters of 3—15; each flower tube contains ten stamens, the pollen bearing stalks that are the male reproductive parts of the flower. One- or two-seeded pods, which do not open when mature, but feall on the ground. Rotem, retem , or retama in Arabic defines a string tied around the finger as a reminder. An Arab explanation of the definition and the source of the name, is said that rotem designates a ribbon which the Arabs tie before embarking on a journey.

If, upon their return they find the ribbon as they left it, they assume from this that their lovers have not been unfaithful, if the oposite is true - it is a sign that she has betrayed him.