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All rights reserved. Publishers of technology books, eBooks, and videos for creative people. Search engine expert and New Riders author Andrew B. Like this article? We recommend. We recommend Like this article? Cocoon Many of these fancy browser detection and performance techniques can be handled elegantly with Cocoon.
NOTE As with most of these techniques, there's always a tradeoff. At the location referenced above, I have the file 'redirect2. So my expectation would be that when entering 'example. However, this does not currently have any effect. Entering example. I have tried numerous variations, and at times been able to break it altogether rewrite loop error, whitescreen, or even cases in which the redirect works but instead of going to maintenance2.
I tried getting assistance from the host of the VPS, but they do not provide support for such modifications. I am hoping someone could look at the above and maybe see something glaring that I am missing? ANY thoughts appreciate Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? When the RewriteMap is invoked the argument is looked for in the first argument of a line, and, if found, the substitution value is returned.
For example, we can use a mapfile to translate product names to product IDs for easier-to-remember URLs, using the following recipe:. We assume here that the prods. The looked-up keys are cached by httpd until the mtime modified time of the mapfile changes, or the httpd server is restarted. This ensures better performance on maps that are called by many requests.
When a MapType of rnd is used, the MapSource is a filesystem path to a plain-text mapping file, each line of which contains a key, and one or more values separated by. One of these values will be chosen at random if the key is matched. For example, you can use the following map file and directives to provide a random load balancing between several back-end servers, via a reverse-proxy.
Images are sent to one of the servers in the 'static' pool, while everything else is sent to one of the 'dynamic' pool. So, when an image is requested and the first of these rules is matched, RewriteMap looks up the string static in the map file, which returns one of the specified hostnames at random, which is then used in the RewriteRule target. If you wanted to have one of the servers more likely to be chosen for example, if one of the server has more memory than the others, and so can handle more requests simply list it more times in the map file.
This works exactly the same way as the txt map, but is much faster, because a DBM is indexed, whereas a text file is not. This allows more rapid access to the desired key.
The type can be sdbm , gdbm , ndbm or db. However, it is recommended that you just use the httxt2dbm utility that is provided with Apache HTTP Server, as it will use the correct DBM library, matching the one that was used when httpd itself was built. To create a dbm file, first create a text map file as described in the txt section.
Then run httxt2dbm :. You can then reference the resulting file in your RewriteMap directive:. Note that with some dbm types, more than one file is generated, with a common base name. Also, because we could make the full set of hundreds of redirects via a single RewriteRule—thanks to the substitution capability afforded by RewriteMap—this solution offered a fitting and concise solution.
Subsequently we implemented a module on the site that produced aliases for our user page URLs. This file which I called 'staffmapping.
Sample output of the update hook looked like this:. To actually consume this mapping somewhere in our rules, we must let Apache know about the mapping file itself. This is done with a RewriteMap directive , which can be placed in the Server config or else inside a VirtualHost directive. In our case, the file is a simple text file mapping, so the MapType is 'txt'. There are other MapTypes, including ones that uses random selection for the replacement values from a text file, using a hash map rather than a text file, using an internal function, or even using an external program or script to generate replacement values.
Now it's time to actually change incoming URLs using this mapping file, providing the redirect we need. The rewrite rule we used, looks like this:. The initial argument to the rewrite rule identifies what incoming URLs this rule applies to.
There's a particular feature of regex being used here as well: each of search terms in parenthesis are captured or tagged by the regex processor which then provides some references that can be used in the replacement string portion.
The final section of the sample RewriteRule is for applying additional flags.
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